SOLVENT EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND SUPEROXIDE ANION RADICAL INTERACTIONS OF WHOLE FRUIT, PULP AND SKIN OF CUCURBITA PEPO L.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v12i3.14Keywords:
Cucurbita pepo L., solvent effect, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total flavonols, antioxidant activity, DPPH, CAT, cyclic voltammetry, superoxide anion radical.Abstract
In this study, hexane and ethanol were used separately as solvent in the extraction of different part of fresh fruit of Cucurbita pepo L. For each solvent, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total flavanol content and antioxidant activity in skin, pulp and whole fruit extract were investigated using in vitro assays. The results showed that skin part is the rich one en compounds and ethanol is the best solvent for the extraction of total phenolics (231.16 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (8,4 mg RE/g) and total flavanols (4,16 mg QE/g). For evaluation of antioxidant activity, using DPPH• radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity, skin extract obtained by ethanol showed the highest value respectively (IC50= 0,42 mg/mL) and (19,72 mg/g). The superoxide scavenging assay of ethanol extract of whole fruit and skin showed the highest value respectively (IC50= 0,015 mg/ml) and (0.016 mg/ml).
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[2] M. K. Khan, K. Ahmad, S. Hassan, M. Imran, N. Ahmad and C. Xu. Effect of novel technologies on polyphenols during food processing. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies. 2018, 45, 361–381.
[3] S. Aryal, M. K. Baniya, K. Danekhu, P. Kunwar, R. Gurung and N. Koirala. Total Phenolic Content, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Vegetables from Western Nepal. Plants. 2019, 8, 96
[4] A. Niroula, S. Khatri, D. Khadka and R. Timilsina. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity profile of selected cereal sprouts and grasses. International Journal of Food Properties. 2019, 22 ( 1), 427–437.
[5] J. Liu, B. Wang, Y. Li, L. Huang, Q. Zhang, H. Zhu and Q. Wen. RNA sequencing analysis of low temperature and low light intensity responsive transcriptomes of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 2020, 265, 109263.
[6] S. Mondal, I. Hossain and Md. Nur Islam. Determination of antioxidant potential of Cucurbita pepo Linn. (An edible herbs of Bangladesh). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2017, 6(5), 1016-1019.
[7] M. M. Hashash, M. M. El-Sayed , A. A. Abdel-Hady , H. Abdel Hady , E. Abdallah Morsi. Nutritional potential , mineral composition and antioxidant activity squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) fruits grown in Egypt. European Journal of Biomedical And Pharmaceutical sciences. 2017, 4( 03), 05-12.
[8] F.M. Oloyede. Growth, yield and antioxidant profile of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) leafy vegetable as affected by npk compound fertilizer. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2012, 12 (3), 379-387.
[9] M. Adnan, S. Gul, S. Batool, B. Fatima, A. Rehman, S. Yaqoob, H. Shabir, T. Yousaf, S. Mussarat, N. Ali, S. N. Khan, H. Rahman and M. Abdul Aziz. A review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and nutritional composition of Cucurbita pepo L. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 2017, 6(2), 133-139.
[10] B. Kulczyński and A. Gramza-Michałowska. The Profile of Secondary Metabolites and Other Bioactive Compounds in Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Pumpkin Cultivars. Molecules. 2019, 24(16), 2945.
[11] T.Q. Dang and H.Q.H. Bui. Effect of Roasting and Microwave Heating on the Yield, Quality, Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of Oil From Red Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) by Mechanical Pressing. EC Nutrition. 2019, (14)8, 588-596.
[12] E.N. Aquino‐Bolaños, M. L. Del Castillo‐Lozano, J.L. Chavéz‐Servia, I. Verdalet‐Guzmán. Physicochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Compounds in Edible Squash (Cucurbita Pepo ) Flower Stored under Controlled Atmospheres. Journal of Food Quality. 2013,36, 302–308.
[13] L. Boulekbache-Makhlouf, L. Medouni, S. Medouni-Adrar, L. Arkoub and K. Madani. Effect of solvents extraction on phenolic content and antioxidantactivity of the byproduct of eggplant. Industrial Crops and Products. 2013, 49, 668– 674.
[14] S. Ahmed and F. Shakeel. Voltammetric determination of antioxidant character in Berberis lycium Royel, Zanthoxylum armatum and Morus nigra Linn plants. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2012,25(3)501-507.
[15] P. S. Guin and S. Das. Exploration of Electrochemical Intermediates of the Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Simulation Studies with an Evaluation for Its Interaction with DNA. International Journal of Electrochemistry. 2014, ID 517371, 1-8.
[16] X. Niu, Y. Zhang, G. Shi and G. Wang. Electrochemical Interaction Between Free Radicals and Lappaconitines. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2018, 13, 10193 – 10206.
[17] R.S. Gonçalves, A. Battistin, G. Pauletti, L. Rota and L.A. Serafini. Antioxidant properties of essential oils from Mentha species evidenced by electrochemical methods. Rev. Bras. Pl. Med., Botucatu. 2009,11(4)372-382.
[18] T. Lanez and M. Henni. Antioxidant activity and superoxide anion radical interaction with 2-(ferrocenylmethylamino) benzonitrile and 3-(ferrocenyl methylamino) benzonitrile. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society. 2016.
[19] V.L. Singleton , R. Orthofer and R.M. Lamuela-Raventos. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidant substrates and antioxidants by of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol., 1999, 299, 152.
[20] S. Aydin and C.D. Gokisik. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of home-made Isabella grape (Vitis labrusca L.) vinegar. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology. 2019, 3 (1), 11-16.
[21] R.K. Sharma, S. Chatterji, D.K. Rai, S. Mehta, P.K. Rai, R.K. Singh, G. Watal and B. Sharma. Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of the aqueous extracts of some Indian medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2009, 3(11), 944-948.
[22] F. O. Jimoh, A. A. Adedapo, A. A. Aliero and A. J. Afolayan. Polyphenolic Contents and Biological Activities of Rumex ecklonianus. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2008, 46(5), 333–340.
[23] A. Kumaran and R.J. Karunakaran. In vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Phyllanthus species from India. Lebens-Wiss Technol. 2007, 40, 344–352.
[24] A. Merouane, A. Saadi, A. Noui A. Bader. Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of the leaves and flowers of Phlomis biloba Desf. International Food Research Journal. 2019, 26(1), 167 – 173.
[25] T. TEKAO, N. WATANABE, I. YAGI and K. SAKATA. A simple screening method for antioxidant and isolation of several antioxidants produced by marine bacteria from fish and shellfish. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 1994, 58, 1780-1783.
[26] M. Ljekocevic, M. Jadranin, J. Stankovic, B. Popovic, N. Nikicevic, A. Petrovic and V. Tesevic. Phenolic composition and DPPH radical scavenging activity of plum wine produced from three plum cultivars. Journal of Serbian Chemical Society. 2019, 84 (2) 141–151.
[27] P.B. Kasangana, P.S. Haddad and T. Stevanovic. Study of Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Myrianthus Arboreus (Cecropiaceae) Root Bark Extracts. Antioxidants. 2015, 4, 410-426.
[28] S.A. Babaa and S.A. Malik. Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobialand antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 2015, 9, 449–454.
[29] J-N. Lin and M-S. Weng. Flavonoids as Nutraceuticals. In Grotewold. The Science of Flavonoids. 2006, 213-238.
[30] M.A. Johari and H.Y. Khong. Total Phenolic Content and antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Pereskia bleo. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. 2019, 1-4.
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Published
2020-08-30
How to Cite
BOUBEKRI, C.; KORAICHI, B. SOLVENT EXTRACTION EFFECTS ON PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND SUPEROXIDE ANION RADICAL INTERACTIONS OF WHOLE FRUIT, PULP AND SKIN OF CUCURBITA PEPO L. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. 1204–1222, 2020. DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v12i3.14. Disponível em: https://www.jfas.info/index.php/JFAS/article/view/881. Acesso em: 27 oct. 2025.
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