COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF ZEOLITE AND PRECIPITATION AGENTS TO RETARD SCALE FORMATION IN THE SEAWATER PRETREATMENT PROCESS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v11i1.16Keywords:
desalination; calcium carbonate; hydroxide magnesium; soda ash; limeAbstract
The scale formation in heat transfer surfaces in seawater desalination plants by multi stage flash processes (MSF). This scale is formed during the precipitation of salts containing in seawater such as calcium and magnesium carbonates. The pretreatment is based on the removal of the calcium and magnesium cations from seawater, using zeolite as cation exchanger and precipitator agents as: lime, soda ash, and mixture of soda ash with soda. DRX, SEM, and EDX analyses were employed to characterize the zeolite before and after pretreatment so as to demonstrate the change composition on the zeolite surface. The results revealed that the pretreatment by a mixture of soda ash (13g/L) and soda (4g/L) favor the precipitation of calcium and magnesium ions. The calcium and magnesium ion concentrations in seawater were reduced, respectively, from 620 mg/L and 644 mg/L to 5 mg/L and 9.11 mg/L.
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References
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[27] Subramani A, Cryer E, Liu L, Lehman S, Ning R Y, Jacangelo J G. Impact of intermediate concentrate softening on feed water recovery of reverse osmosis process during treatment of mining contaminated groundwater. Sep. Pur. Tech., 2012, 88(0), 138–145
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[3] Voutchkov N, Sommariva C, Pankratz T, Tonner J. Desalination process technology. In J. Cotruvo (Ed.), Desalination technology. Florida: CRC press, 2010, pp. 21–90.
[4] El-Dessouky H T, Ettouney H M, Al-Roumi Y. Multi-stage flash desalination: present and future outlook. Chem. Eng. J., 1999, 73(2), 173-190.
[5] El-Dessouky H T, Ettouney H M, Al-Juwayhel F, Al-Fulaij H. Analysis of Multi stage Flash Desalination Flashing Chambers. Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 2004, 82(8), 967-978
[6] Al-Hengari S, El-Bousiffi M, El-Mudir W. Performance analysis of a MSF desalination unit. Desal., 2005,182(1-3), 73-85.
[7] Al-Anezi K, Hilal N. Scale formation in desalination plants: effect of carbon dioxide solubility. Desal., 2007, 204(1-3), 385–402.
[8] Mizuno H, Kansha Y, Kishimoto A, Tsutsumi A. Thermal seawater desalination based on self-heat recuperation. Clean. Techn. Environ. Policy., 2013,15(5), 765–769.
[9] Khawaji A D, Kutubkhanah I K, Wie J M. Advances in seawater desalination technologies. Desal., 2008, 221(1-3), 47-69.
[10] Al-Rawajfeh A E, Glade H, Ulrich J. Scaling in multiple-effect distillers: the role of CO2 release. Desal., 2005,182(1-3),209-219.
[11] Chong T C, Sheikholeslami R. Thermodynamics and kinetics for mixed calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate precipitation. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2001, 56(18), 5391–5400.
[12] Glade H, Ulrich J. Influence of solution composition on the formation of crystalline scales. Chem. Eng. Technol., 2003, 26(3), 277–281.
[13] Al-Sofi M A. Fouling phenomena in multi-stage flash (MSF) distillers. Desal., 1999, 126(1-3), 61–76.
[14] Al-Anezi K, Johnson D J, Hilal, N. An atomic force microscope study of calcium carbonate adhesion to desalination process equipment: effect of anti-scale agent. Desal., 2008, 220(1-3), 359–370.
[15] Al-Rawajfeh A E. Modeling of alkaline scale formation in falling film horizontal-tube multiple-effect distillers. Desal., 2007, 205(1-3), 124-139.
[16] Ghani S, Al-Deffeeri N S. Impacts of different antiscalant dosing rates and their thermal performance in Multi Stage Flash (MSF) distiller in Kuwait. Desal., 2010, 250(1), 463–472.
[17] Al-Hamzah A A, Fellows C M. A comparative study of novel scale inhibitors with commercial scale inhibitors used in seawater desalination. Desal., 2015, 359(0), 22–25.
[18] Shams El Din A M, El-Dahshan M E, Mohammed R A. Inhibition of the thermal decomposition of HCO3- A novel approach to the problem of alkaline scale formation in seawater desalination plants’’, Desal., 2002, 142(2), 151-159.
[19] Hoffmann H, Martinola F. Selective Resins and Special Processes for Softening Water and Solutions. React. Polym., 1988,7(2-3), 263–272.
[20] Xue Z, Li Z, Ma J, Bai X, Kang Y, Hao W, Li R. Effective removal of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions by mesoporous LTA zeolite. Desal., 2014, 341(1), 10–18.
[21] Barba D, Giacomo G D, Evangelista F, Tagliaferri G. High temperature distillation process with sea water feed decalcification pretreatment. Desal., 1982, 40(3), 347–355.
[22] Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Gao J, Ji Z, Guo X, Liu J, Yuan J. Trash to treasure: Seawater pretreatment by CO2 mineral carbonation using brine pretreatment waste of soda ash plant as alkali source. Desal., 2017, 407 (0), 85–92
[23] Zhao Y, Yuan J, Zhang J, Xie L, Ji Z, Su M, Chen J. A different approach for seawater decalcification pretreatment using carbon dioxide as precipitator. Desal., 2013, 322(0), 151–158.
[24] Zhao Y, Cao H, Xie Y, Yuan J, Ji Z. Mechanism studies of a CO2 participant softening pretreatment process for seawater desalination. Desal., 2016, 393(0), 166–173.
[25] Ayoub G M, Zayyat R M, Al-Hindi M. Precipitation softening: a pretreatment process for seawater desalination. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 2014, 21, (4), 2876-2887. https:// dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-013-2237-1
[26] Jeldres R I, Arancibia-Bravo M P, Reyes A, Aguirre C E, Cortes L, Cisternas L A. The impact of seawater with calcium and magnesium removal for the flotation of copper-molybdenum sulphide ores. Mine. Eng., 2017, 109(0), 10–13.
[27] Subramani A, Cryer E, Liu L, Lehman S, Ning R Y, Jacangelo J G. Impact of intermediate concentrate softening on feed water recovery of reverse osmosis process during treatment of mining contaminated groundwater. Sep. Pur. Tech., 2012, 88(0), 138–145
[28] Zhou D, Tang B, Lu X H, Wei X L, Li K, Xia Q H. Co2+-exchanged MOR and 5A zeolite as efficient solid catalysts for the epoxidation of styrene with air. Cat. Com., 2014, 45(0), 124–128.
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Published
2018-12-11
How to Cite
DAHMANI, K.; BELLOUL, M.; KHERROUB, D. E. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF ZEOLITE AND PRECIPITATION AGENTS TO RETARD SCALE FORMATION IN THE SEAWATER PRETREATMENT PROCESS. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1, p. 245–258, 2018. DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v11i1.16. Disponível em: https://www.jfas.info/index.php/JFAS/article/view/129. Acesso em: 18 oct. 2025.
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